We combine two modifications to the standard (current and total income) collateral constraint that has been commonly used in models that analyze financial crisis interventions. Specifically, we consider an alternative constraint stated in terms of future and disposable income. We find…
Working Papers on Economics
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- Publicación |Abstract
- Publicación |Abstract Given the importance of climate change and the increase of its severity under extreme weather events, we analyze the main drivers of high food prices in Colombia between 1985 and 2020 focusing on extreme weather shocks like a strong El Niño.We estimate a non-stationary extreme value…
- Publicación |Abstract This paper presents a new real exchange rate index that includes weights accounting for both direct trade links and third-market competition effects. We use trade data at 3 digit Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) level for a set of 39 countries annually updated. We…
- Publicación |Abstract In this paper, a global production frontier is estimated using stochastic frontier models to assess the contribution of transport infrastructure to countries’ performance. We find that the role of infrastructure is underestimated under the exogeneity assumption indicating that handling…
- Publicación |Abstract The objectives of this paper are to analyze for Colombia if there is a relationship between the public saving-investment imbalance and the external imbalance with annual data from 1970 to 2019 and, if there is one, evaluate what causes what and estimate the impact of a…
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The objective of this paper is to study the evolution of liquidity in the spot foreign exchange market in Colombia and its main determinants from 2006 and 2020. First, we analyze different dimensions of liquidity such as transaction costs and resilience. We achieve…
- Publicación |Abstract Modern macroeconomics focuses on the identification of the primitive exogenous forces generating business cycles. This is at odds with macroeconomic forecasts collected through surveys, which are about endogenous variables. To address this divorce, our paper uses a…
- Publicación |Abstract I propose a general equilibrium model with a quasi-hyperbolic discounting government that optimally decides upon using creative accounting in order to evaluate a balanced budget rule and a debt rule.
- Publicación |Abstract We investigate the impact of fiscal expansions on firm investment by exploiting firms that have multiple banking relationships. Further, we conduct a localized RDD approach and compare the lending behavior of banks that barely met and missed the criteria of being a…
- Publicación |Abstract How does the expansion of domestic banks in international markets affect the bank lending channel of monetary policy? Using bank-firm loan-level data, we find that loan growth and loan rates from international banks respond less to monetary policy changes than domestic…
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To study the recent dynamics of electronic payments in Colombia, Banco de la República carried out in 2020 a survey of the commerce sector on acceptance and usage of different payment instruments. The survey reveals merchants´ high levels of acceptance of electronic…
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This paper describes the recent behavior of some indicators of the Colombian educational system considering the effect of the pandemic. In addition, the impact of a pilot alternation plan, executed between September and December 2020, on the results of the Saber…
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Since July 2021, Banco de la República strengthened its forecasting process and communication instruments, by involving predictive densities in the projections of its models, PATACON and 4GM. This paper presents the main theoretical and empirical elements of the predictive density…
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How much of the changes in the exchange rate is passed through to inflation is a question of main interest to the monetary authority, investors, the real sector, and the government itself.
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Cash is still widely used in Colombia, even among merchants that accept payment cards. Indeed, 60% of these merchants use dissuasive strategies to make their clients pay with cash. This shows that merchant service costs (MSC) for cards are not optimal in the sense of the Tourist Test…
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Fiscal sustainability in five of the largest Latin American economies is examined before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the DSGE model in Bi (2012) and Hürtgen (2020) is used to estimate the Fiscal Limits and Fiscal Spaces for Peru, Chile,…
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This paper assesses whether the expansion of online job vacancies leads to a more efficient labor market. We provide compelling evidence that the increase in online job vacancy penetration in Colombia has had an enhancing effect on the labor market's…
- Publicación |Abstract We analyze the effects of population aging in the next decades on the Colombian pension system and on several macroeconomic variables. We also consider the impact of several reforms that are gradually implemented in the economy (increasing the retirement age, reducing the replacement…
- Publicación |Abstract This document offers an exercise that quantifies on the Colombia CPI the maximum possible impact in accounting terms of some price reliefs decreed by the national government. This impact would not necessarily coincide with the official CPI figures, due to the presence of multiple…
- Publicación |Abstract We study the interdependence of FX and Treasury Bonds (TES) markets in Colombia. To do this, we estimate a heteroskedasticity identified VAR model on the returns of the COP/USD exchange rate (TRM) and bond prices, as well as event-analysis models for return volatilities, number of…
